abdicate v. give up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw from, as a right or claim | 
abrasive a. rubbing away; tending to grind down | 
abruptly ad. quickly and without warning | 
acknowledge v. declare to be true or admit; express obligation, thanks | 
acquire v. gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system | 
addict v. cause someone to become dependent; indulge in; be devoted to | 
adequate a. sufficient; enough to meet a purpose | 
admonish v. warn; counsel someone against something to be avoided | 
affiliation n. partnership; alliance; association in the same family or society | 
agitate v. cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb | 
allege v. state without proof; assert to be true | 
allocate v. assign; distribute according to plan | 
alternative a. one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice | 
amendment n. correction; revision | 
antagonize v. provoke the hostility of; act in opposition to | 
attribute n. essential quality; reputation; honor | 
authentic a. not counterfeit or copied; valid; trustworthy | 
bamboozle v. to con, defraud, trick, to make a fool of, to humbug or impose on someone | 
belligerent a. inclined or eager to fight; aggressive | 
bewilder v. lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes | 
bias n. preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment;  influence in unfair way | 
boycott v. refrain from buying or using | 
cause n. a person or thing that gives rise to an action | 
characterize v. distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of | 
chronological a. arranged in order of time of occurrence | 
compel v. force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force | 
competent a. capable; adept | 
component n. element; ingredient; abstract part of something | 
conclusive a. decisive or convincing; achieved easily or by a large margin | 
concur v. be in accord; be in agreement | 
condemn v. blame; express strong disapproval of | 
condor n. largest flying birds in the western hemisphere; gold coin of some South American countries | 
confront v. be face to face with; oppose in hostility or competition; deal with | 
connotation n. an idea that is implied or suggested | 
consecutive a. following one after another without interruption; sequential | 
consult v. seek advice or information of; take into account; consider | 
contrast n. act of distinguishing by comparing differences | 
copious a. plentiful; containing plenty; affording ample supply | 
correspond v. be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages | 
dawdle v. proceed slowly; waste time | 
deceitful a. dishonest or hiding the truth | 
demeanor n. conduct; management; way in which a person behaves | 
derogatory a. expressing low opinion; disparaging; belittling | 
devastate v. ruin; lay waste; destroy; make desolate | 
devious a. departing from correct or accepted way; misleading; not straightforward | 
devour v. consume; eat greedily; destroy completely | 
diversity n. point or respect in which things differ; difference | 
eligible a. qualified; desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage | 
emphasize v. stress; underscore; utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice | 
estimate v. judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate | 
evaluate v. judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something | 
exposition n. exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information;  opening section of a fugue | 
exuberant a. high spirited; joyously unrestrained; abundant; luxurious | 
famished a. extremely hungry; exhausted through want of food or drink | 
formidable a. arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat | 
impartial a. fair; showing lack of favoritism | 
indifferent a. having no particular interest or concern; being neither good nor bad | 
industrious a. diligent; hard-working; busy and laborious | 
inevitable a. unavoidable;  incapable of being avoided or prevented | 
infuriate v. enrage; make furious or mad with anger | 
initiate v. begin or originate; cause something to begin | 
intimidate v. frighten; make timid; fill with fear | 
irate a. feeling or showing extreme anger; enraged | 
irrelevant a. not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not important; not applicable; having no connection with | 
legendary a. mythical; fabled; extremely well known; famous or renowned | 
liaison n. close relationship, connection, or link; secret love affair | 
libel n. defamatory statement; act of writing something that smears a person's character | 
ludicrous a. laughable; completely devoid of wisdom or good sense | 
mandatory a. obligatory; required or commanded by authority | 
mitigate v. make less severe or harsh; moderate | 
naive a. too willing to believe that someone is telling the truth, lacking worldly experience | 
narrate v. to give an account or tell the story of | 
necessity n. the condition of being essential or indispensable | 
negligent a. careless; inattentive | 
obnoxious a. causing disapproval or protest; very annoying or objectionable; offensive | 
omit v. leave undone or leave out ; bypass; neglect; fail to include or mention | 
opposition n. condition of being in conflict; act of opposing something | 
oppress v. cause to suffer | 
perceive v. become aware of through the senses; detect | 
persuasive a. capable of convincing; having the power to induce action or belief | 
prediction n. something foretold or predicted; prophecy | 
prominent a. very well known and important; immediately noticeable | 
prospective a. expected or expecting to be something particular in the future | 
punctual a. happening at the expected, correct time; not late | 
quote v. name the price of; state a price for securities, goods, or services | 
relinquish v. give up something with reluctance; retire from; give up or abandon | 
resolve v. make a firm decision about; find a solution to | 
rudimentary a. relating to basic facts or principles; being in the earliest stages of development; incipient | 
signify v. denote; mean; indicate | 
sovereign a. having supreme rank or power; self governing; excellent; independent | 
suspense n. uncertain cognitive state; uncertainty | 
talisman n. charm to bring good luck and avert misfortune; something that apparently has magic power | 
tentative a. hesitant; not fully worked out or developed; experimental; not definite or positive | 
toxic a. poisonous; caused by a toxin or other poison | 
treason n. disloyalty; betrayal of trust or confidence | 
viewpoint n. a place from where a person can see something, as natural beauty |