Words of The Return of Sherlock Holmes

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Study Words from The Return of Sherlock Holmes

I. THE ADVENTURE OF THE EMPTY HOUSE

dismay
v. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised v. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

inexplicable
a. incapable of being explained or accounted for

incredulity
n. doubt about the truth of something

indifferent
a. being neither good nor bad

twice told
a. well known from repeated telling

recapitulate
v. repeat an earlier theme of a composition

cataract
n. an eye disease that involves the clouding or opacification of the natural lens of the eye

aristocracy
n. the most powerful members of a society n. a privileged class holding hereditary titles

whist
n. a card game for four players who form two partnerships

depose
v. declare under oath

mutilate
v. destroy or injure severely

inflict
v. impose something unpleasant

bibliophile
n. someone who loves (and usually collects) books

obscure
a. remote and separate physically or socially

snarl
n. an angry vicious expression

contempt
n. open disrespect for a person or thing n. a manner that is generally disrespectful and contemptuous

throng
n. a large gathering of people

wizened
a. lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

wedge
v. force into a narrow space

croak
v. utter a hoarse sound, like a raven

hobble
v. walk in an awkward way, typically because of pain from an injury

gruff
a. deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion

mist
n. a cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth's surface limiting visibility

tingle
v. cause a stinging or tingling sensation

flask
n. bottle that has a narrow neck

sinewy
a. (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful

chap
n. a boy or man

chasm
n. a deep opening in the earth's surface

nonchalant
a. marked by blithe unconcern

seedy
a. shabby and untidy

tinge
n. a pale or subdued color

aquiline
a. curved down like an eagle's beak

stature
n. (of a standing person) the distance from head to foot

inexorable
a. impossible to stop or prevent

totter
v. walk unsteadily v. move without being stable, as if threatening to fall

at heels
ad. in following close behind someone, often in an annoying way

claw
v. move as if by seizing, or digging

brink
n. the edge of a steep place n. a region marking a boundary

sheer
a. so thin as to transmit light a. very steep; having a prominent and almost vertical front

ledge
n. a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

tuft
n. a bunch of feathers or hair n. a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

notch
n. a V-shaped indentation

grim
a. forbidding or uninviting a. not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

precursor
n. something that precedes and indicates the approach of something or someone

scramble
v. bring into random order

lest
conj. with intention of preventing;

deplorable
a. of very poor quality or condition a. bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

irreparable
a. impossible to repair, rectify, or amend

vindictive
a. disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge

derivative
n. a compound obtained from, or regarded as derived from, another compound

coal-tar
n. a thick black liquid produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal

hasten
v. speed up the progress of; facilitate v. act or move at high speed

hysteric
n. a wildly emotional and exaggerated reaction

bereavement
n. state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

austere
a. severely simple a. practicing great self-denial

sardonic
a. disdainfully or ironically humorous; scornful and mocking

ascetic
a. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic or the practice of rigorous self-discipline

gloom
n. a state of partial or total darkness

bode
v. indicate by signs

pitch black
a. completely dark; as black as pitch

creak
v. make a high-pitched, screeching noise

murky
a. (of liquids) clouded as with sediment a. dark or gloomy

fanlight
n. a window in a roof to admit daylight n. a window above a door that is usually hinged to a horizontal crosspiece over the door

discern
v. detect with the senses

gasp
n. a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open

poise
n. graceful and elegant bearing in a person

silhouette
n. a drawing of the outline of an object; filled in with some uniform color

bust
n. a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest

sentinel
n. a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

bosom friend
n. someone you can be very close with and confide everything in

convenient
a. suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

yonder
ad. at or in an indicated (usually distant) place

bleak
a. offering little or no hope a. unpleasantly cold and damp

boisterous
a. noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

whistle
v. emit a clear, high-pitched sound by forcing breath

shrill
a. (of a voice or sound) high-pitched and piercing

muffle
v. deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping v. conceal or hide

cravat
n. neckwear worn in a slipknot with long ends overlapping vertically in front

ejaculation
n. an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion

fidget
v. move restlessly

asperity
n. harshness of manner n. something hard to endure

farcical
a. broadly or extravagantly humorous; resembling farce

bungler
n. someone who makes mistakes because of incompetence

crouch
v. sit on one's heels

sibilant
a. of speech sounds produced by forcing air through a constricted passage (as `f', `s', `z', or `th' in both `thin' and `then')

stealthy
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

menace
v. pose a threat to; present a danger to v. act in a threatening manner

convulsive
a. affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

gleam
v. appear briefly with reflected light

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

swarthy
a. naturally having skin of a dark color

bulky
a. of large size for its weight

misshapen
a. so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

breech
n. opening in the rear of the barrel of a gun where bullets can be loaded

barrel
n. a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired

cuddle
v. hold (a person or thing) close, as for affection, comfort, or warmth

whiz
n. a buzzing or hissing sound as of something traveling rapidly through the air

tinkle
n. a light clear metallic sound as of a small bell

clatter
n. a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

stalwart
a. having rugged physical strength

loiter
v. stand or wait around idly or without apparent purpose

virile
a. characteristic of a man a. characterized by energy and vigor

sensualist
n. person devoted to physical pleasure;

droop
v. hang loosely or laxly

cynical
a. believing the worst of human nature and motives

lid
n. either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye

heed
n. paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

fiend
n. a cruel wicked and inhuman person n. an evil supernatural being

trance
n. a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation

stratagem
n. an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade

tether
v. tie (an animal) with a rope or chain so as to restrict its movement

gibe
v. laugh at with contempt and derision

mechanic
n. a person who repairs and maintains machinery

audacity
n. aggressive boldness or unmitigated effrontery n. fearless daring

unwonted
a. out of the ordinary

pedestal
n. a position of great esteem (and supposed superiority) n. a support or foundation

drape
v. arrange (cloth or clothing) loosely or casually on or around something

effigy
n. a representation of a person (especially in the form of sculpture)

pedigree
n. the descendants of one individual

epitome
n. a standard or typical example n. a brief abstract (as of an article or book)

sojourn
n. a temporary stay (e.g., as a guest)

noose
n. a loop formed in a cord or rope by means of a slipknot; it binds tighter as the cord or rope is pulled

unerring
a. not liable to error

judicious
a. marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

embellish
v. make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc. v. add details to

II. THE ADVENTURE OF THE NORWOOD BUILDER

lamented
a. conventional way of describing someone who has died or something that has ceased to exist;

malignant
a. dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor)

lurk
v. wait in hiding to attack

petty
a. inferior in rank or status a. (informal) small and of little importance

wanton
a. (of a cruel or violent action) deliberate and unprovoked

demur
n. (law) a formal objection to an opponent's pleadings

stringent
a. demanding strict attention to rules and procedures

whimsical
a. determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or reason

tumultuous
a. characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

frantic
a. excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion a. marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion

dishevel
v. disarrange or rumple

palpitate
v. shake with fast, tremulous movements v. cause to throb or beat rapidly

solicitor
n. a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents

Freemason
n. a member of a widespread secret fraternal order pledged to mutual assistance and brotherly love

sheaf
n. a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing

sensational
a. causing intense interest, curiosity, or emotion

infallible
a. incapable of failure or error

flaxen
a. of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

conflagration
n. a very intense and uncontrolled fire

char
v. partially burn (an object) so as to blacken its surface

rifle
v. steal goods; take as spoils

sagacity
n. the mental ability to understand and discriminate between relations

grim
a. orbidding or uninviting

none the less
ad. in spite of that; nevertheless

scribble
v. write carelessly

duly
ad. at the proper time

deed
n. a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it

scrip
n. certificate entitling holder to acquire possession of certain portions of public land;

frugal
a. avoiding waste

enigmatic
a. not clear to the understanding

beseech
v. ask for or request earnestly

vicinity
n. a surrounding or nearby region

corroborate
v. give evidence for

haphazard
a. marked by great carelessness a. dependent upon or characterized by chance

pretext
n. something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason

solitude
n. a state of social isolation n. a solitary place

flurry
v. move in small swirling masses;

congenial
a. suitable to your needs

bustle
v. move or cause to move energetically or busily

haggard
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

drone
v. make a continuous low humming sound

soothe
v. give moral or emotional strength to v. cause to feel better

ruffle
v. disturb the smoothness of

fling
v. throw or hurl forcefully

blackguard
n. a person, particularly a man, who behaves in a dishonorable or contemptible way

fluffy
a. like down or as soft as down

predispose
v. make susceptible

suitor
n. a man who courts a woman

aviary
n. a building where birds are kept

rummage
v. search unsystematically and untidily through a mass or receptacle

mutilate
v. alter so as to make unrecognizable v. destroy or injure severely

deface
v. mar or spoil the appearance of

consolation
n. the comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment

trove
n. treasure of unknown ownership found hidden (usually in the earth)

rake
v. sweep (something) from end to end

fiasco
n. a sudden and violent collapse

smear
v. spread (a greasy, oily, or sticky substance) over something

standstill
n. a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

affluent
n. an affluent person; a person who is financially well off n. a branch that flows into the main stream

sidelong
a. (used especially of glances) directed to one side with or as if with doubt or suspicion or envy

wither
v. become dry and shriveled

tinder
n. material for starting a fire

clench
v. hold in a tight grasp

paroxysm
n. a sudden uncontrollable attack

conviction
n. (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed

sulky
a. depressingly dark

defiance
n. intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude n. a hostile challenge

inanition
n. weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy n. exhaustion resulting from lack of food

remonstrance
n. the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

morbid
a. suggesting the horror of death and decay a. suggesting an unhealthy mental state

writhe
v. move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

merriment
n. activities that are enjoyable or amusing n. a gay feeling

restrain
v. hold back v. keep under control; keep in check

cocksure
a. confident in excessive or arrogant way;

insolence
n. an offensive disrespectful impudent act

resent
v. feel bitter or indignant about v. wish ill or allow unwillingly

peg
n. a short cylindrical piece, used for holding things together, hanging things on, or marking a position

wriggle
v. move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

hilarious
a. extremely amusing

equanimity
n. steadiness of mind under stress

spasm
n. a painful and involuntary muscular contraction

parlour
n. a room in a public building for receiving guests

grin
v. draw back the lips and reveal the teeth, in a smile, grimace, or snarl

conjurer
n. someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience

tomfoolery
n. foolish or senseless behavior

chaff
v. make fun of, poke fun at

grudge
v. accept or admit unwillingly

pomp
n. cheap or pretentious or vain display

coil
n. a length of something wound or arranged in a spiral or sequence of rings

burrow
n. a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

smoulder
v. burn slowly and without a flame

odious
a. extremely unpleasant; repulsive

crafty
a. marked by skill in deception

vicious
a. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful

whimper
v. cry weakly or softly

zealous
a. marked by active interest and enthusiasm

partition
n. a structure that separates areas in an organism

eave
n. the part of a roof that meets or overhangs the walls of a building

brood
v. think moodily or anxiously about something

overbearing
a. expecting unquestioning obedience

vindictive
a. disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge

scheming
a. given to or involved in making secret and underhanded plans

speculation
n. an investment that is very risky but could yield great profits

swindle
v. deprive of by deceit

villainy
n. a criminal or vicious act

whine
v. give or make a long, high-pitched complaining cry or sound

incessantly
ad. without interruption

impound
v. take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority

indulgent
a. being favorably inclined a. tolerant or lenient

III. THE ADVENTURE OF THE DANCING MEN

malodorous
a. having an unpleasant smell

lank
a. long and thin and often limp a. long and lean

plumage
n. the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds

inexplicable
a. incapable of being explained or accounted for

take aback
v. surprise or shock

prop
v. position something underneath (someone or something) for support

meretricious
a. based on pretense; deceptively pleasing a. tastelessly showy

billiards
n. any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory balls

nettle
v. cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

hieroglyphic
a. written in, constituting, or belonging to a system of writing mainly in pictorial characters

conundrum
n. a difficult problem

ruddy
a. inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

florid
a. elaborately or excessively ornamented

whiff
v. drive or carry as if by a puff of air

bracing
a. imparting vitality and energy

queer
a. strange; odd

prank
n. a practical joke or mischievous act

grotesque
a. distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

sift
v. distinguish and separate out

clasp
v. grasp firmly

allude
v. make a more or less disguised reference to

squire
n. an English country landowner n. a man who attends or escorts a woman

sill
n. a shelf or slab of stone, wood, or metal at the foot of a window or doorway

daze
v. cause someone to lose clear vision, especially from intense light

comely
a. very pleasing to the eye a. according with custom or propriety

presume
v. suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability

allusion
n. passing reference or indirect mention

plunge
v. dash violently or with great speed or impetuosity v. thrust or throw into

clumsy
a. difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape a. showing lack of skill or aptitude

unsullied
a. spotlessly clean and fresh

inscription
n. a short message dedicating it to someone or something

implore
v. call upon in supplication; entreat

nuisance
n. a bothersome annoying person

squat
v. occupy (a dwelling) illegally

convulsive
a. affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions

cling
v. come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

skulk
v. behave in a sneaky and secretive manner v. avoid responsibilities and duties

rascal
n. one who is playfully mischievous n. a mischievous or cheeky person, especially a child or man

inclination
n. a person's natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way

hiding
n. a physical beating, a severe defeat

remedy
n. act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

furrowed
a. (of forehead or face) marked with lines or wrinkles;

prick
v. make a small hole into, as with a needle or a thorn

frieze
n. a broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, especially on a wall near the ceiling

dismay
v. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised

entangle
v. entrap v. twist together or entwine into a confusing mass

alight
v. come to rest, settle

gallows
n. a structure, typically of two uprights and a crosspiece, for the hanging of criminals

despondent
a. without or almost without hope

melancholy
n. a feeling of thoughtful sadness

bristle
v. be in a state of movement or action

gable
n. the part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof

grove
n. a small growth of trees without underbrush

portico
n. a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area

dapper
a. marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

discretion
n. knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress

inexorable
a. impossible to stop or prevent

stolid
a. having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited

clad
a. wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

spurt
v. move or act with a sudden increase in speed or energy

sash
n. a framework that holds the panes of a window in the window frame

draught
n. draft, a current of cool air in a room or other confined space

gutter
v. flow in small streams

splinter
v. break or cause to break into small sharp fragments

straggle
v. wander from a direct or straight course

consign
v. commit forever; commit irrevocably v. give over to another for care or safekeeping

antics
n. foolish, outrageous, or amusing behaviour;

atonement
n. compensation for a wrong

recapitulate
v. repeat an earlier theme of a composition

monograph
n. a detailed written study of a single specialized subject or an aspect of it

preponderance
n. a superiority in numbers or amount

abreast
a. side by side and facing the same way

crook
n. a person who is dishonest or a criminal

swarthy
a. naturally having skin of a dark color

flannel
n. a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

cane
n. a stiff switch used to hit students as punishment

flourish
v. move or swing back and forth

peal
v. ring recurrently

deft
a. skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands

blazing
a. shining intensely a. without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious

settee
n. a long wooden bench with a back n. a small sofa

manacle
v. confine or restrain with or as if with manacles or handcuffs

composure
n. steadiness of mind under stress

reparation
n. compensation (given or received) for an insult or injury

accusation
n. an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence

pellet
n. a solid missile discharged from a firearm n. a small sphere

epilogue
n. a short passage added at the end of a literary work

condemn
v. declare or judge unfit for use or habitation v. appropriate (property) for public use

assize
n. the regulation of weights and measures of articles offered for sale

servitude
n. state of subjection to an owner or master or forced labor imposed as punishment

mitigate
v. make less severe or harsh v. lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

IV. THE ADVENTURE OF THE SOLITARY CYCLIST

solitary
a. being the only one; single and isolated from others

culminate
v. bring to a head or to the highest point v. rise to, or form, a summit

immerse
v. thrust or throw into

abstruse
a. difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge

persecution
n. hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs

resent
v. feel bitter or indignant about v. wish ill or allow unwillingly

ardent
a. glowing or shining like fire, by strong enthusiasm

sole
n. lean flesh of any of several flatfish; undersurface of a person's foot

sentiment
n. tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

spatulate
a. having broad, rounded end;

complexion
n. texture and appearance of the skin of the face

composure
n. steadiness of mind under stress

odious
a. extremely unpleasant; repulsive

plaster
v. apply a heavy coat to

blush
v. become rosy or reddish v. turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

sallow
a. unhealthy looking

boast
v. show off

hideous
a. grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror a. so extremely ugly as to be terrifying

tract
n. an extended area of land

molest
v. harass or assault sexually; make indecent advances to v. annoy continually or chronically

trap
n. a light, two-wheeled carriage pulled by a horse or pony

elapse
v. pass by

heath
n. a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers

perplex
v. be a mystery or bewildering to v. make more complicated

meditative
a. deeply or seriously thoughtful

menage
n. a social unit living together

lichen
n. a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees

surmount
v. be on top of v. get on top of; deal with successfully

moulder
v. break down

emblem
n. a visible symbol representing an abstract idea

gorse
n. very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers

furtive
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

spirited
a. willing to face danger a. made lively or spirited

whisk
v. brush or wipe off lightly

haughtily
ad. proudly, chin up and chest out

deign
v. do something that one considers to be below one's dignity

necktie
n. neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn under a collar and tied in knot at the front

elicit
v. deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) v. derive by reason

curt
a. brief and to the point; effectively cut short

scullery
n. a small room (in large old British houses) next to the kitchen

pith
n. the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

none the worse for
ad. not adversely affected by

dissipation
n. useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly

tickle
v. touch (a body part) lightly so as to excite the surface nerves and cause uneasiness

proficiency
n. the quality of having great facility and competence

ignominious
a. (used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame

discreet
a. careful and circumspect in one's speech or actions, especially in order to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage

garrulous
a. full of trivial conversation

vigorous
a. strong and active physically or mentally

vicious
a. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful

backhander
n. a backhand stroke or shot in a game

delicious
a. extremely pleasing to the sense of taste

slog
v. strike heavily, especially with the fist or a bat v. work doggedly or persistently

ruffian
n. a cruel and brutal fellow

disfigure
v. mar or spoil the appearance of

slink
v. walk stealthily

molest
v. harass or assault sexually; make indecent advances to

audacity
n. aggressive boldness or unmitigated effrontery n. fearless daring

assailant
n. someone who attacks

severity
n. something hard to endure n. excessive sternness

dun
n. dull grayish-brown color

drab
a. fabric of a dull brownish color

sedentary
a. requiring sitting or little activity

rein
n. one of a pair of long straps used to control a horse

trail
v. hang down so as to drag along the ground

pant
v. breathe with short, quick breaths

ecstasy
n. a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

hound
n. someone who is morally reprehensible

blackguard
n. a person, particularly a man, who behaves in a dishonorable or contemptible way

parson
n. a person authorized to conduct religious worship

carcass
n. the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food

ostler
n. someone employed in a stable to take care of the horses

gaiter
n. covering for ankle and lower leg;

frantically
ad. in an uncontrolled manner

shrill
v. utter a high-pitched and piercing cry

gurgle
v. make a hollow bubbling sound like that made by water running out of a bottle

alley
n. a lane down which a bowling ball is rolled toward pins

glade
n. a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

droop
v. hang loosely or laxly

akimbo
ad. with hands on hips and elbows extending outward

bravado
n. a swaggering show of courage

surplice
n. a loose-fitting white ecclesiastical vestment with wide sleeves

jovial
a. full of or showing high-spirited merriment

exultant
a. joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

riding-crop
n. a short flexible whip with a loop for the hand, used in riding horses

mottle
v. colour with streaks or blotches of different shades

pallor
n. unnatural lack of color in the skin

tapestry
n. a heavy textile with a woven design; used for curtains and upholstery

solemnize
v. duly perform;

ordain
v. appoint to a clerical posts

unfrock
v. divest of the frock; of church officials

felony
n. a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

precaution
n. a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous

dainty
a. especially pleasing to the taste

volley
n. a number of bullets, arrows, or other projectiles discharged at one time

squeal
v. utter a high-pitched cry, characteristic of pigs v. inform on someone to the police or a person in authority

bleat
v. cry plaintively

pal
n. a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

copper
n. a police officer

reverence
n. deep respect for someone or something

plunder
n. goods or money obtained illegally

padre
n. the title of a priest or chaplain in some regions

devilry
n. reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

mischief
n. reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

obtuse
a. slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity a. lacking in insight or discernment

perceive
v. become conscious of

convalescent
a. returning to health after illness or debility

whirl
n. the act of rotating rapidly

incessant
a. uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

V. THE ADVENTURE OF THE PRIORY SCHOOL

pompous
a. characterized by pomp and ceremony and stately display a. puffed up with vanity

whence
ad. from what place, source, or cause

prostrate
a. lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward

hearth
n. an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room) n. home symbolized as a part of the fireplace

ponderous
a. having great mass and weight and unwieldiness a. labored and dull

seam
v. make a long narrow indentation in

dolorous
a. showing sorrow

grime
n. the state of being covered with unclean things

unkempt
a. not properly maintained or cared for a. not neatly combed

sore
a. roused to anger a. hurting

trickle
v. run or flow slowly, as in drops or in an unsteady stream

pucker
v. become wrinkled or drawn together

scramble
v. bring into random order

crimson
a. of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange)

lucidity
n. free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

intimate
v. imply or hint

intrust
v. confer a trust upon

indiscreet
a. lacking discretion; injudicious

stout
a. dependable

morose
a. showing a brooding ill humor, sullen and ill-tempered

prostration
n. action of lying stretched out on ground;

suspense
n. apprehension about what is going to happen n. excited anticipation of an approaching climax

reduce
v. bring someone or something to (a lower or weaker state, condition, or role)

furrow
n. a long shallow trench in the ground (especially one made by a plow)

exhortation
n. a communication intended to urge or persuade the recipients to take some action

jot
v. write briefly or hurriedly; write a short note of

remiss
a. failing in what duty requires

deplorable
a. of very poor quality or condition

coat of arms
n. the distinctive heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, corporation, or country

red herring
n. something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question

bracing
a. imparting vitality and energy

stately
a. of size and dignity suggestive of a statue

scrupulous
a. characterized by extreme care and great effort

dwindle
v. become smaller or lose substance

remedy
v. provide relief for

browbeat
v. intimidate (someone), typically into doing something, with stern or abusive words

bland
a. lacking taste or flavor or tang

invigorate
v. make lively v. impart vigor, strength, or vitality to

moor
n. a tract of open uncultivated upland

sonorous
a. full and loud and deep

gong
n. a percussion instrument consisting of a metal plate that is struck with a softheaded drumstick

abet
v. assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing

aristocratic
a. belonging to or characteristic of the nobility

abhorrent
a. offensive to the mind

ducal
a. of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

dint
n. an impression or hollow in a surface

nocturnal
a. of or relating to or occurring in the night

ordnance map
n. detailed map produced by the British or Irish government map-making organization

reek
v. give off smoke, fumes, warm vapour, steam, etc.

arable
a. (of farmland) capable of being farmed productively

desolate
a. deserted of people and in a state of bleak and dismal emptiness

plover
n. short-billed gregarious wading bird;

curlew
n. large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family

precipitous
a. extremely steep

chevron
n. V-shaped sleeve badge indicating military rank and service

morass
n. a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

rumble
v. discover (an illicit activity or its perpetrator)

exhilaration
n. feeling of excitement or elation;

pallid
a. lacking in vitality or interest or effectiveness

introspective
a. given to examining own sensory and perceptual experiences

strenuous
a. testing powers of endurance

russet
a. of brown with a reddish tinge

profusion
n. the property of being extremely abundant

yonder
ad. in distant but within sight

sodden
a. thoroughly wet

hind
a. located at or near the back of an animal

obliterate
v. mark for deletion, rub off, or erase

boulder
n. a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin

hark
v. listen; used mostly in the imperative

miry
a. very muddy or boggy;

exultant
a. joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

smudge
n. a blemish made by dirt

crumple
v. fall apart

dabble
v. bob forward and under so as to feed off the bottom of a body of water

gore
v. wound by piercing with a sharp or penetrating object or instrument

smear
v. coat or mark (something) messily or carelessly with a greasy or sticky substance

reverent
a. feeling or showing profound respect or veneration

ruffle
v. disturb the smoothness of

peat
n. partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried

fallacy
n. a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning

squalid
a. foul and run-down and repulsive a. morally degraded

groan
n. an utterance expressing pain or disapproval v. indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

violent
a. (of colors or sounds) intensely vivid or loud

strain
n. a force tending to pull or stretch something to an extreme or damaging degree

genial
a. agreeable, conducive to comfort

sack
v. dismiss from employment

chandler
n. a retail dealer in provisions and supplies

grimy
a. thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

swarthy
a. naturally having skin of a dark color

infernal
a. extremely evil or cruel

frown
n. a facial expression of dislike or displeasure

poke
v. move slowly; dawdle

unobtrusive
a. undesirably noticeable, not conspicuous or attracting attention

lineament
n. a distinctive feature or characteristic, especially of the face

caricature
n. a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect

dapper
a. marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners

trudge
v. walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud

prostrated
a. blue and depressed

demure
a. affectedly modest or shy especially in a playful or provocative way

courtly
a. refined or imposing in manner or appearance; befitting a royal court

cadaverous
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

shade
n. protective covering that protects something from direct sunlight

niggardly
a. petty or reluctant in giving or spending

avidity
n. a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

frugal
a. avoiding waste

abhor
v. regard with disgust and hatred

clench
v. hold in a tight grasp

rave
v. talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner

demure
a. affectedly modest or shy especially in a playful or provocative way

folly
n. a stupid mistake

entail
n. a settlement of the inheritance of property so that it remains within a family or other group

tax
v. confront (someone) with a fault or wrongdoing

deference
n. a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard n. courteous regard for people's feelings

condone
v. excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with

felony
n. a serious crime (such as murder or arson)

culpable
a. deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious

imminent
a. close in time; about to occur

lackey
n. a male servant (especially a footman)

lenient
a. characterized by tolerance and mercy

divulge
v. make known (private or sensitive information)

moat
n. ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

cloven
a. (used of hooves) split, divided

maraud
v. raid and rove in search of booty

VI. THE ADVENTURE OF BLACK PETER

inestimable
a. beyond calculation or measure

unworldly
a. not wise in the ways of the world

capricious
a. changeable

incongruous
a. lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness

tuck
v. push, fold, or turn (the edges or ends of something) so as to hide them or hold them in place.

exertion
n. use of physical or mental energy; hard work

transfix
v. pierce with a sharp stake or point

profess
v. have or claim knowledge or skill in

dejection
n. a sad and depressed state; low spirits

pouch
n. a small bag or other flexible receptacle, typically carried in a pocket or attached to a belt

be none the worse
not be harmed or damaged by something

gloomy
a. depressingly dark a. causing dejection

intermittent
a. stopping and starting at irregular intervals

fiend
n. a cruel wicked and inhuman person

remonstrate
v. argue in protest or opposition

swarthy
a. naturally having skin of a dark color

stonemason
n. a craftsman who works with stone or brick

bawl
v. shout loudly and without restraint

harmonium
n. a free-reed instrument in which air is forced through the reeds by bellows

bunk
n. a rough bed (as at a campsite)

brindled
a. having a grey or brown streak or a pattern coloring; used especially of the patterned fur of cats

harpoon
n. a spear with a shaft and barbed point for throwing

bespatter
v. spot, splash, or soil

wince
v. give a slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement of the body

tantalus
n. a stand in which decanters of liquor can be locked up though still visible

decanter
n. a bottle with a stopper; for serving wine or water

thong
n. an item of clothing fastened by or including a narrow strip of leather or cloth

drab
a. of a light brownish green color

sheath
n. a protective covering (as for a knife or sword)

alight
v. come to rest, settle

impenetrable
a. permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

weald
n. an area of open or forested country

bulwark
n. an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

furtive
a. marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

stoop
v. debase oneself morally, act in an undignified, unworthy, or dishonorable way

ambuscade
n. the act of concealing yourself and lying in wait to attack by surprise

melancholy
n. a feeling of thoughtful sadness

vigil
n. a period of sleeplessness

skulk
v. lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

whisper
v. speak softly; in a low voice

foliage
n. (architecture) leaf-like architectural ornament

stealthy
a. behaving, done, or made in a cautious and surreptitious manner, so as not to be seen or heard

clink
v. make a high sound typical of glass

creak
n. a squeaking sound

hinge
n. a movable joint or mechanism on door, gate, or lid swings as it opens and closes

gauze
n. a net of transparent fabric with a loose open weave

rivet
v. gaze, fix one's eyes on

pallor
n. unnatural lack of color in the skin

fright
n. an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger

knickerbocker
n. loose-fitting breeches gathered at knee or calf

wretched
a. in a very unhappy or unfortunate state

cower
v. show submission or fear

abscond
v. run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along

bade
v. utter (a greeting or farewell) to

damning
a. strongly suggesting guilt or error;

drawback
n. something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem

intrinsically
ad. with respect to its inherent nature

anaemic
a. relating to anemia or suffering from anemia a. lacking vigor or energy

hobnob
v. rub elbows with

crumble
v. fall apart v. fall into decay or ruin

serenely
ad. in calm, peaceful, and untroubled manner;

gruff
a. deep and harsh sounding as if from shouting or illness or emotion

pippin
n. a red and yellow dessert apple

fluffy
a. like down or as soft as down

berth
n. a bed on a ship or train; usually in tiers n. a job in an organization

lank
a. long and thin and often limp a. long and lean

sallow
a. unhealthy looking

tangle
n. a confused mass of something twisted together

sheaf
n. a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing

lurch
v. move abruptly

bellow
v. shout loudly and without restraint

muzzle
n. the open end of the barrel of a firearm

temple
n. the flat area on either side of the forehead

lash
v. bind with a rope, chain, or cord

scramble
v. make (something) jumbled or muddled

blurt
v. utter impulsively

sling
v. suspend, especially with a strap, so that it hangs loosely in a particular position

landsman
n. person unfamiliar with sea or sailing; fellow countryman;

founder
v. stumble and nearly fall

dinghy
n. a small boat of shallow draft

skipper
n. the naval officer in command of a military ship

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent

yell
n. a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

baccy
n. tobacco;

slink
v. walk stealthily

hempen
a. made from hemp fibre;

VII. THE ADVENTURE OF CHARLES AUGUSTUS MILVERTON

reticence
n. the trait of being uncommunicative; not volunteering anything more than necessary

suppression
n. forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

ramble
n. a walk taken for pleasure, especially in the countryside

ejaculation
n. an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion

venomous
a. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful a. extremely poisonous or injurious

repulsion
n. a force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other

savoury
a. morally wholesome or acceptable

treacherous
a. tending to betray a. dangerously unstable and unpredictable

valet
n. a servant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

genteel
a. marked by refinement in taste and manners

niggard
a. stingy or ungenerous

bludgeon
v. strike with a club or a thick stick

wring
v. twist and press out of shape

illustrious
a. widely known and esteemed a. having or conferring glory

debutante
n. a young woman making her debut into society

imprudent
a. lacking wise self-restraint

impecunious
a. not having enough money to pay for necessities

suffice
v. be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

haunch
n. the side of an arch, between the crown and the pier

shaggy
a. used of hair; thick and poorly groomed

astrakhan
n. the fur of young lambs

benevolence
n. disposition to do good n. an inclination to do kind or charitable acts

mar
v. make imperfect, impair the appearance of; disfigure

insincerity
n. quality of not expressing genuine feelings;

glitter
n. the occurrence of a small flash or spark

suave
a. smoothly agreeable and courteous with a degree of sophistication

countenance
n. formal and explicit approval

plump
ad. straight down especially heavily or abruptly

granite
n. plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture

complacent
a. showing uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements

sprightly
a. full of spirit and vitality

mortification
n. an instance in which you are caused to lose your prestige or self-respect

relapse
v. recur

purr
v. make a soft swishing sound

candelabra
n. branched candlestick; ornamental; has several lights

beggarly
a. pitifully or deplorably meager or bad;

boggle
v. overcome with amazement v. startle with amazement or fear

glide
v. cause to move or pass silently, smoothly, or imperceptibly

ember
n. a hot fragment of wood or coal that is left from a fire and is glowing or smoldering

rakish
a. having or displaying a dashing, or slightly disreputable quality or appearance

tempestuous
a. characterized by violent emotions or behavior

burgle
v. enter and rob a dwelling

irreparable
a. impossible to repair, rectify, or amend

jemmy
n. a short crowbar

ante-room
n. an antechamber, typically serving as a waiting room

plethoric
a. excessively full of bodily fluid; excessive;

budge
v. move very slightly, make or cause to make the slightest movement

splendidly
ad. in magnificent or very impressive manner;

truculent
a. defiantly aggressive

veranda
n. a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

cultivate
v. teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment

portiere
n. a heavy curtain hung across a doorway

slant
v. slope or lean in a particular direction

zest
n. vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

defier
n. adversary, antagonist, or opponent

chivalrous
a. being attentive to women like an ideal knight

exult
v. feel extreme happiness or elation

maw
n. informal terms for the mouth

cuff
n. the end part of a sleeve

murmur
n. a soft, indistinct sound made by a person or group of people speaking quietly or at a distance

thud
n. a dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object falling to the ground

snick
n. a glancing contact with the ball off the edge of the cricket bat

pungent
a. strong and sharp

reek
n. a foul smell, smoke

indolent
a. slow to heal or develop and usually painless

pinion
v. bind the arms of

insolent
a. marked by casual disrespect

mantle
n. anything that covers

lithe
a. moving and bending with ease

gallant
a. lively and spirited

hound
n. someone who is morally reprehensible

muzzle
n. the open end of the barrel of a firearm

red-handed
a. having been discovered in or just after the act of doing something wrong or illegal

ten to one
ad. very probably

regal
a. belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

tiara
n. a jeweled headdress worn by women on formal occasions

time-honoured
a. respected or valued because it has existed for a long time.

VIII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE SIX NAPOLEONS

shiver
v. break into splinters or fragments.

Hooliganism
n. violent or rowdy behaviour by young troublemakers;

dispensary
n. clinic where medicine and medical supplies are prepared and provided

splinter
v. break or cause to break into small sharp fragments

strew
v. scatter or spread (things) untidily over a surface or area

lunatic
a. insane and believed to be affected by the phases of the moon n. a reckless impetuous irresponsible person

promiscuous
a. casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior a. not selective of a single class or person

iconoclast
n. someone who attacks cherished ideas or traditional institutions

purveyor
n. a person who sells or deals in particular goods

fanatic
n. a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

monomania
n. exaggerated or obsessive enthusiasm for or preoccupation with one thing

trifling
a. not worth considering

hereditary
a. (of a title, office, or right) conferred by or based on inheritance

parsley
n. annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves

backwater
n. a body of water that was created by a flood or tide or by being held or forced back by a dam

brisk
a. very active a. imparting vitality and energy

flat-chested
a. (of a woman) having small breasts

swill
v. drink large quantities of (liquid, especially alcoholic drink)

unkempt
a. not properly maintained or cared for a. not neatly combed

flannel
n. bath linen consisting of a piece of cloth used to wash the face and body n. a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

melancholy
n. a feeling of thoughtful sadness

poker
n. fire iron consisting of a metal rod with a handle; used to stir a fire

gash
n. a wound made by cutting

mortuary
n. place or room for death person or a funeral

shilling
n. a former British coin and monetary unit equal to one twentieth of a pound or twelve pence

simian
n. an ape or monkey

muzzle
n. the projecting part of the face, including the nose and mouth, of an animal such as a dog or horse

baboon
n. large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles

feat
n. a notable achievement

disconsolate
a. causing dejection a. sad beyond comforting; incapable of being consoled

shrilly
ad. with a high-pitched and piercing voice or sound

foolscap
n. a size of paper used especially in Britain

presentment
n. a formal presentation of information to a court, especially by a sworn jury regarding an offense or other matter

frantic
a. excessively agitated; distraught with fear or other violent emotion

shard
n. a broken piece of a brittle artifact

rattle
v. make short successive sounds

bustle
v. move or cause to move energetically or busily

docket
v. make a summary or abstract of a legal document and inscribe it in a list

delusion
n. a mistaken or unfounded opinion or idea n. deception by creating illusory ideas

Nihilist
n. someone who rejects all theories of morality or religious belief

anarchism
n. a political theory favoring the abolition of governments

piece-work
v. work paid for according to the amount produced

swelter
v. be uncomfortably hot v. suffer from intense heat

reek
v. give off smoke, fumes, warm vapour, steam, etc. v. have an element suggestive (of something)

outcast
n. a person who has been rejected by society or a social group

thoroughfare
n. a public road from one place to another

abode
n. any address at which you dwell more than temporarily n. housing that someone is living in

monumental
a. imposing in size or bulk or solidity; great in importance, extent, or size

masonry
n. structure built of stone or brick by a mason

marble
n. a small ball of glass that is used in various games

serve someone right
v. be someone's deserved punishment or misfortune

flowery
a. marked by elaborate rhetoric and elaborated with decorative details

cruet
n. bottle that holds wine or oil or vinegar for the table

lunacy
n. foolish or senseless behavior

aberration
n. a disorder in one's mental state

emporium
n. a large retail store organized into departments offering a variety of merchandise; commonly part of a retail chain

larceny
n. the act of taking something from someone unlawfully

scuffle
n. an unceremonious and disorganized struggle

impunity
n. exemption from punishment or loss

fanlight
n. a window in a roof to admit daylight

lithe
a. moving and bending with ease

whisk
v. take or move (someone or something) in a particular direction suddenly and quickly

nab
v. take into custody

squat
v. crouch or sit with one's knees bent and one's heels close to or touching

jovial
a. full of or showing high-spirited merriment

rotund
a. (of sounds) full and rich a. spherical in shape

copious
a. affording an abundant supply

gentry
n. the most powerful members of a society

workmanlike
a. worthy of a good workman

enliven
v. heighten or intensify

wont
n. an established custom

scruple
n. a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action

homage
n. respectful deference

notoriety
n. the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality

spontaneous
a. said or done without having been planned or written in advance

interior
a. inside the country n. the inner or enclosed surface of something

sensation
n. a general feeling of excitement and heightened interest

go-between
n. an intermediary or negotiator

aperture
n. an man-made opening; usually small

perseverance
n. persistent determination

IX. THE ADVENTURE OF THE THREE STUDENTS

befall
v. happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance v. become of; happen to

injudicious
a. lacking or showing lack of judgment or discretion; unwise

laborious
a. characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

deprive
v. take away possessions from someone v. keep from having, keeping, or obtaining

congenial
a. suitable to your needs

scrapbook
n. an album into which clippings or notes or pictures can be pasted

acquiescence
n. acceptance without protest n. agreement with a statement or proposal to do something

gesticulation
n. a deliberate and vigorous gesture or motion

proof
n. a trial photographic print from a negative

deplorable
a. of very poor quality or condition a. bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

unpardonable
a. not admitting of pardon

unscrupulous
a. without scruples or principles

rumple
v. give creased, ruffled, or dishevelled appearance to;

engross
v. consume all of one's attention or time v. devote (oneself) fully to

dough
n. a flour mixture stiff enough to knead or roll

speck
n. a slight but appreciable amount n. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything

rifle
v. steal goods; take as spoils v. go through in search of something; search through someone's belongings in an unauthorized way

amount
v. develop into

enigmatic
a. not clear to the understanding a. resembling an oracle in obscurity of thought

disposal
n. a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

lattice
n. a structure consisting of strips of wood or metal crossed and fastened together with square or diamond-shaped spaces left between

lichen
n. a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees

tint
v. color lightly

blunt
a. used of a knife or other blade; not sharp

pellet
n. a small sphere

pyramidal
a. resembling pyramid in shape

hollow out
v. dig, pull out, draw out

indebt
v. cause to owe money;

jag
v. stab, pierce, or prick

peg
n. a short cylindrical piece of wood or metal, typically used for holding things together, hanging things on

putty
n. a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass

turf
n. horse racing or racecourses generally

inscrutable
a. of an obscure nature

wayward
a. resistant to guidance or discipline

dissipate
v. live a life of pleasure, especially with respect to alcoholic consumption

yonder
ad. at some distance in the direction indicated; over there

quadrangle
n. four-sided plane figure;

amiss
a. not functioning properly

flaxen
a. of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

askance
ad. with suspicion or disapproval ad. with a side or oblique glance

torrent
n. an overwhelming number or amount n. a heavy rain

none the less
ad. in spite of that; nevertheless

dismay
v. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised v. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

tamper
v. intrude in other people's affairs or business; interfere unwantedly

parlor
n. a room in a private house or establishment where people can sit and talk and relax

sly
a. marked by skill in deception

stationer
n. a merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies

consequence
n. importance or relevance

resignation
n. acceptance of despair

downfall
n. failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

fidget
n. a feeling of agitation expressed in continual motion

untimely
a. badly timed a. uncommonly early or before the expected time

suave
a. smoothly agreeable and courteous with a degree of sophistication

sullen
a. showing a brooding ill humor a. darkened by clouds

defiance
n. intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude n. a hostile challenge

lithe
a. moving and bending with ease

stagger
v. walk as if unable to control one's movements

reproach
n. disgrace or shame n. a mild rebuke or criticism

writhe
v. move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)

err
v. make a mistake or be incorrect v. wander from a direct course or at random

callous
a.showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others

contemplate
v. consider as a possibility v. look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

tenacious
a. good at remembering

spike
n. a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something

bewilder
v. cause to be confused emotionally

flop
v. fall, move, or hang in a heavy, loose, and ungainly way

budge
v. move very slightly

dandle
v. move (a baby) up and down in one's arms or on one's knees

X. THE ADVENTURE OF THE GOLDEN PINCE-NEZ

conducive
a. tending to bring about; being partly responsible for

repulsive
a. so extremely ugly as to be terrifying

barrow
n. a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels

assassin
n. a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed

exploit
n. a bold or daring feat

lamentable
a. bad; unfortunate

tempestuous
a. (of the elements) as if showing violent anger a. characterized by violent emotions or behavior

palimpsest
n. a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible

handiwork
n. a work produced by hand labor

molehill
n. small mound of earth thrown up by mole burrowing near surface;

rasp
v. scrape with a coarse metal tool with a roughened surface to smooth something

ejaculate
v. utter impulsively

cravat
n. neckwear worn in a slipknot with long ends overlapping vertically in front

golosh
n. a waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow

virtuous
a. morally excellent a. in a state of sexual virginity

grate
n. the recess of a fireplace or furnace

bustling
a. full of activity;

tangled
a. twisted together untidily;

hobble
v. walk in uneven manner, due to results from an injured leg

thud
n. a noise typical of an engine lacking lubricants, a dull sound

carotid
a. of or relating to either of the two major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck

inflict
v. impose something unpleasant

carafe
n. a bottle with a stopper; for serving wine or water

mire
n. deep soft mud in water or slush

without
ad. outside;

scantily
ad. in way that is small or insufficient in quantity or amount;

pince-nez
n. a pair of eyeglasses with a nose clip instead of earpieces

dangle
v. cause to dangle or hang freely v. hang freely

pucker
v. draw together into folds or puckers v. become wrinkled or drawn together

slattern
n. a dirty untidy woman n. a prostitute who attracts customers by walking the streets

dogmatic
a. inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true

concave
a. curving inward

ecstasy
n. a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

utter
a. complete

dreary
a. lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

marsh
n. low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

sullen
a. showing a brooding ill humor a. darkened by clouds

varnish
n. a coating that provides a hard, lustrous, transparent finish to a surface

furrow
n. a long shallow trench in the ground (especially one made by a plow)

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

aquiline
a. curved down like an eagle's beak

tuft
v. have or grow in a bunch or collection of threads, grass, or hair

fetid
a. offensively malodorous

invalid
n. a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury

paralyze
v. make powerless and unable to function

connoisseur
n. an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts

incoherent
a. without logical or meaningful connection

supposition
n. a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

intrude
v. search or inquire in a meddlesome way v. enter uninvited

distrait
a. having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety

ingratiating
a. calculated to please or gain favor a. capable of winning favor

cutlet
n. thin slice of meat (especially veal) usually fried or broiled

loiter
v. be about

attentive
a. giving close and thoughtful attention

mane
n. long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck

eternal
a. continuing forever or indefinitely a. tiresomely long; seemingly without end

smoulder
v. burn slowly and without a flame

stray
a. not in the right place; separated from the group or target

tip
v. overbalance or cause to overbalance so as to fall or turn over

tinge
v. color lightly

sneer
n. a contemptuous or scornful remark

hinge
n. a movable joint or mechanism on which a door, gate, or lid swings as it opens and closes

drape
v. arrange (cloth or clothing) loosely or casually on or around something

cobweb
n. filaments from a web that was spun by a spider n. a dense elaborate spider web that is more efficient than the orb web

streak
v. run naked in a public place

grime
n. the state of being covered with unclean things

obstinate
a. stiff, inflexible

gallantry
n. the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

defiant
a. boldly resisting authority or an opposing force

brood
v. think moodily or anxiously about something

ghastly
a. shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

cling
v. come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and resist separation

frail
a. physically weak a. easily broken or damaged or destroyed

Nihilist
n. someone who rejects all theories of morality or religious belief

villainy
n. a criminal or vicious act n. the quality of evil by virtue of villainous behavior

swear
v. use offensive language, especially as an expression of anger

procure
v. get by special effort

reproach
v. address (someone) in such a way as to express disapproval or disappointment

contract
v. decrease in size, number, or range

relic
n. something of sentimental value n. an antiquity that has survived from the distant past

phial
n. a small bottle that contains a drug

outset
n. the time at which something is supposed to begin

noteworthy
a. worthy of notice

recess
n. a small concavity

dun
a. of a dull grayish-brown color

lend
v. bestow a quality on

XI. THE ADVENTURE OF THE MISSING THREE-QUARTER

incoherent
a. without logical or meaningful connection

stagnant
a. not growing or changing; without force or vitality a. not circulating or flowing

dread
v. be afraid or scared of; be frightened of

wean
v. detach the affections of v. gradually deprive (infants and young mammals) of mother's milk

mania
n. a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently

crave
v. plead or ask for earnestly

fiend
n. a cruel wicked and inhuman person

ascetic
a. suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons

brood
v. think moodily or anxiously about something

inscrutable
a. of an obscure nature

enigmatic
a. not clear to the understanding

comely
a. very pleasing to the eye

haggard
a. showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

dribble
v. propel

romp
v. make an easy victory

punt
v. propel with a pole

brawny
a. (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful

skipper
v. act as captain of

crack
a. very good, especially at a specified activity or in a specified role

ramification
n. the act of branching out or dividing into branches

amateur
n. an athlete who does not play for pay

obscurity
n. an obscure and unimportant standing; not well known

roost
v. sit, as on a branch

bade
v. utter (a greeting or farewell) to

marrow
n. a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced

cram
v. put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled

knuckle
n. a joint of a finger when the fist is closed

billiard
n. a game usually for two people, played on a billiard table

cue
n. sports implement consisting of a tapering rod used to strike a cue ball in pool or billiards

miser
n. a stingy hoarder of money and possessions (often living miserably)

past-master
n. a person who is particularly skilled at a specified activity or art

chap
n. a boy or man

shrug
n. a gesture involving the shoulders

blotting-pad
n. an object to one side of which a piece of blotting paper is attached for blotting text handwritten in ink

counterfoil
n. the part of a check that is retained as a record

disinclination
n. a certain degree of unwillingness

red tape
n. excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules and formalities, especially in public business

delicacy
n. the quality of being delicate, in particular

hack
n. a rough cut, blow, or stroke

querulous
a. complaining in a petulant or whining manner

twitch
v. toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air

parson
n. a person authorized to conduct religious worship

rustic
a. characteristic of the fields or country

undertaker
n. one whose business is the management of funerals

mute
n. a person without the power of speech

mischievous
a. deliberately causing harm or damage a. naughtily or annoyingly playful

rogue
n. a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

staunch
a. firm and dependable especially in loyalty

unturned
a. not turned; (of wooden object) not shaped on lathe;

leave no stone unturned
v. try every possible course of action in order to achieve something

chasten
v. censure severely v. correct by punishment or discipline

grating
n. a framework of parallel or crossed bars, typically preventing access through an opening while permitting communication or ventilation

hail
v. call for

ruffian
n. a cruel and brutal fellow

turf
n. grass and the surface layer of earth held together by its roots

concoct
v. devise or invent v. make a concoction (of) by mixing

brooding
a. engaged in or showing deep thought about something that makes one sad or worried;

thatch
v. cover (a roof or a building) with straw or a similar material

granite
n.a very hard, granular, crystalline, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz

dour
a. showing a brooding ill humor a. harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

suppression
n. forceful prevention; putting down by power or authority

pry
v. move or force, especially in an effort to get something open

rake
v. set (something, especially a stage or the floor of an auditorium) at a sloping angle.

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent

culpable
a. deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious

pompous
a. characterized by pomp and ceremony and stately display a. puffed up with vanity

stranded
a. left aground on a shore

deject
v. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

awry
a. turned or twisted toward one side a. not functioning properly

brougham
n. horse-drawn carriage with roof, four wheels;

literary
a. appropriate to literature rather than everyday speech or writing a. knowledgeable about literature

irksome
a. so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

innate
a. being talented through inherited qualities

depravity
n. a corrupt or depraved or degenerate act or practice

scintillate
v. reflect brightly

mortify
v. hold within limits and control v. undergo necrosis

sardonic
a. disdainfully or ironically humorous; scornful and mocking

impede
v. be a hindrance or obstacle to v. block passage through

outspoken
a. given to expressing yourself freely or insistently

antagonist
n. someone who offers opposition

acumen
n. shrewdness shown by keen insight

attain
v. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level

venerable
a. profoundly honored a. impressive by reason of age

foreboding
n. a feeling of evil to come a. ominously prophetic

hypodermic
a. of or relating to the region immediately beneath the skin

syringe
n. a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids

glitter
v. be shiny, as if wet

scout
v. make a search for someone or something in various places

burrow
n. a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

squat
n. exercising by repeatedly assuming a crouching position with the knees bent; strengthens the leg muscles

lop
v. cut off from a whole v. cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of

beagle
n. a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound

foxhound
n. medium-sized glossy-coated hounds developed for hunting foxes

flier
n. someone who travels by air

hound
n. any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears

shrill
a. of colors that are bright and gaudy

whine
n. a long, high-pitched complaining cry

threadbare
a. repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

aniseed
n. seed of anise, used in cooking and herbal medicine;

hind
a. situated at the back

sweep
n. a long, typically curved stretch of road, river, country

melancholy
n. a feeling of thoughtful sadness

irresolute
a. uncertain how to act or proceed

wail
n. a cry of sorrow and grief

appal
v. strike with disgust or revulsion

sob
n .shortness of breath

consolation
n. the act of consoling; giving relief in affliction

brawl
v. fight or quarrel in a rough or noisy way

impunity
n. exemption from punishment or loss

compunction
n. a feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed)

plight
n. a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation

crabbed
a. annoyed and irritable

XII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE ABBEY GRANGE

amiss
a. not functioning properly

afoot
a. currently in progress

opalescent
a. having a play of lustrous rainbow colors

reek
n. a foul smell

thaw
v. become liquid or soft as a result of warming

slur
v. speak (words or speech) indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another

crackle
v. make a rapid succession of slight cracking noises

monogram
n. a graphic symbol consisting of 2 or more letters combined (usually your initials)

coats of arms
n. the distinctive heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, corporation, or country

picturesque
a. strikingly expressive

reckon
v. judge to be probable v. have faith or confidence in

shroud
v. cover as if with a length of cloth or an enveloping garment in which a dead person is wrapped for burial

hanging matter
n. the criminal would be put to death by hanging

assiduous
a. marked by care and persistent effort

sequin
n. adornment consisting of a small piece of shiny material used to decorate clothing

shudder
v. tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement

gown
n. a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

congenial
a. suitable to your needs

sacrilege
n. violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred

monstrous
a. shockingly brutal or cruel a. abnormally large

soothing
a. affording physical relief a. freeing from fear and anxiety

pantry
n. a small storeroom for storing foods or wines

fling
v. move in an abrupt or headlong manner

cudgel
n. a club that is used as a weapon

poker
n. fire iron consisting of a metal rod with a handle; used to stir a fire

grate
n. the recess of a fireplace or furnace

impose
v. take advantage of someone by demanding their attention or commitment

spot
v. give or lend (money) to (someone)

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

rogue
n. a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

arrest
n. a stoppage or sudden cessation of motion

measles
n. an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children

wane
v. become smaller v. grow smaller

hearthrug
n. rug laid in front of fireplace to protect carpet or floor;

clench
v. hold in a tight grasp

aquiline
a. curved down like an eagle's beak

spasm
n. a painful and involuntary muscular contraction

vindictive
a. disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge

foppish
a. affecting extreme elegance in dress and manner

embroider
v. decorate with needlework

ferocity
n. the property of being wild or turbulent

concussion
n. injury to the brain caused by a blow; usually resulting in loss of consciousness

wrought
a. beaten out or shaped by hammering

sober
a. not affected by alcohol; not drunk

drench
v. wet thoroughly; soak

hush
v. become quiet or still; fall silent

decanter
n. a bottle with a stopper; for serving wine or water

scrutinize
v. examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification

fray
v. cause friction v. wear away by rubbing

treachery
n. betrayal of a trust n. an act of deliberate betrayal

corroborate
v. support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm

tinge
v. color lightly

dregs
n. sediment that has settled at the bottom of a liquid

beeswing
n. a light, flaky deposit found in port and some other bottle-aged wines

vintage
n. the oldness of wines; the year or place in which wine, especially wine of high quality, was produced

transfix
v. pierce with a sharp stake or point

enact
v. act out; represent or perform as if in a play

whim
n. a sudden desire n. an odd or fanciful or capricious idea

cut-and-dried
a. completely settled or decided

haul
n. the quantity that was caught

stroke
n. an act of hitting or striking someone or something

perilous
a. full of danger or risk

cumulative
a. increasing by successive addition

strike
v. come into the mind of (someone) suddenly or unexpectedly

agitate
v. change the arrangement or position of

edifice
n. a building, especially a large, imposing one

duly
ad. at the proper time

ponder
v. reflect deeply on a subject

baronet
n. a member of the British order of honor; ranks below a baron but above a knight

dexterous
a. skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands

concoction
n. an occurrence of an unusual mixture

handiwork
n. a work produced by hand labor

fray
v. cause friction v. wear away by rubbing

wary
a. marked by keen caution and watchful prudence a. openly distrustful and unwilling to confide

taciturn
a. habitually reserved and uncommunicative

amiability
n. quality of having friendly and pleasant manner;

bonny
a. very pleasing to the eye

hatpin
n. long pin that holds woman's hat in position by securing it to her hair;

sly
a. marked by skill in deception

foment
v. bathe with warm water or medicated lotions

much-tried
a. found good, faithful, or trustworthy through experience or testing

stake
v. gamble (money or something else of value) on the outcome of a game or race

fabrication
n. the act of constructing something (as a piece of machinery)

impudent
a. improperly forward or bold a. marked by casual disrespect

pith
n. the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

tempting
a. highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire a. very pleasantly inviting

setback
n. a reversal or check in progress

allude
v. make a more or less disguised reference to

manhood
n. the status of being a man

specimen
n. an example regarded as typical of its class

choke
v. breathe with great difficulty, as when experiencing a strong emotion

accursed
a. under a curse

dainty
a. especially pleasing to the taste

hound
n. someone who is morally reprehensible

vile
a. morally reprehensible

welt
v. beat severely with a whip or rod

swarm
v. move in large numbers

lash
v. bind with a rope, chain, or cord

bracket
n. a right-angled support attached to and projecting from a wall for holding a shelf, lamp, or other object

dodge
n. a sudden quick movement to avoid someone or something

provocation
n. needed encouragement

eminent
a. of imposing height; especially standing out above others

XIII. THE ADVENTURE OF THE SECOND STAIN

allude
v. suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at

wane
v. become smaller v. grow smaller

notoriety
n. the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality

peremptory
a. not allowing contradiction or refusal a. putting an end to all debate or action

represent
v. be the defense counsel for someone in a trial v. point out or draw attention to in protest or remonstrance

culminate
v. bring to a head or to the highest point v. rise to, or form, a summit

reticence
n. the trait of being uncommunicative; not volunteering anything more than necessary

endow
v. give qualities or abilities to

settee
n. a long wooden bench with a back n. a small sofa

gaunt
a. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

ascetic
a. characterized by practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence

fidget
v. move restlessly

seal
n. fastener that provides a tight and perfect closure

complication
n. puzzling complexity n. a situation or condition that is complex or confused

potentate
n. a ruler who is unconstrained by law

despatch
n. an official report (usually sent in haste)

valet
n. a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

pledge
n. a solemn promise or undertaking

spasm
n. a painful and involuntary muscular contraction

ardent
a. glowing or shining like fire

aristocratic
a. belonging to or characteristic of the nobility

shaggy
a. used of hair; thick and poorly groomed

cower
v. show submission or fear v. crouch or curl up

ruffle
v. disturb the smoothness of

couch
v. express (something) in language of a specified style

provocative
a. exciting sexual desire a. serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; stimulating discussion or exciting controversy

ferment
n. a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

expenditure
n. the act of consuming something

confederacy
n. a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

supremacy
n. power to dominate or defeat

breach
n. an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification) n. a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

thither
ad. to or toward that place; away from the speaker

inconceivable
a. totally unlikely

without
ad. outside;

exultation
n. the utterance of sounds expressing great joy n. a feeling of extreme joy

tenor
n. the pitch range of the highest male voice

establishment
n. a business organization, public institution, or household

transpire
v. come about, happen, or occur

ajar
a. slightly open

pluck
v. look for and gather

trophy
n. something given as a token of victory n. an award for success in war or hunting

salver
n. a tray (or large plate) for serving food or drinks; usually made of silver

exquisite
a. delicately beautiful a. lavishly elegant and refined

contemplation
n. a long and thoughtful observation n. a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

deplorable
a. of very poor quality or condition

fair sex
n. woman

dwindling
a. gradually diminishing in size or strength;

frou-frou
n. a rustling noise made by someone walking in a dress

tenacity
n. persistent determination

caste
n. each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status

manoeuvre
v. act in order to achieve a certain goal

inscrutable
a. of an obscure nature

quicksand
n. loose wet sand that yields easily to pressure and sucks in anything resting on or falling into it;

tongs
n. any of various devices for taking hold of objects; usually have two hinged legs with handles above and pointed hooks below

inkling
n. a slight suggestion or vague understanding

taciturn
a. habitually reserved and uncommunicative

morose
a. showing a brooding ill humor

reverie
n. absentminded dreaming while awake n. an abstracted state of absorption

coroner
n. a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes

indefatigable
a. showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

untiring
a. characterized by hard work and perseverance

sensational
a. commanding attention a. causing intense interest, curiosity, or emotion

promiscuous
a. casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior a. not selective of a single class or person

superficial
a. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually

council
n. a body serving in an administrative capacity

fineness
n. the quality of being very good indeed

counsel
n. advice, especially that given formally

villa
n. detached or semidetached suburban house

mania
n. a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively violently n. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action

Mme
n. Madame

frenzy
n. state of violent mental agitation

attract
v. direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes v. be attractive to

dingy
a. thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot a. causing dejection

drugget
n. fabric used for such coverings;

sumptuous
a. rich and superior in quality

effeminate
a. having unsuitable feminine qualities

verge
n. a ceremonial or emblematic staff n. a region marking a boundary

reproach
v. express disapproval or disappointment

yonder
ad. at or in an indicated (usually distant) place

freakish
a. conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual a. changeable

demoniacal
a. relating to or characteristic of demon or evil spirit;

paroxysm
n. a sudden uncontrollable attack

snarl
n. an angry vicious expression

irrepressible
a. impossible to repress or control

inexcusable
a. without excuse or justification a. not excusable

penitent
a. feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong

sidle
v. move unobtrusively or furtively v. move sideways

genteel
a. marked by refinement in taste and manners

coaxing
n. gradual persuasion; a. gently persuasive;

mantle
n. anything that covers

repentant
a. feeling or expressing remorse for misdeeds

totter
v. walk unsteadily v. move without being stable, as if threatening to fall

rally
v. gather or bring together

grand
a. large and impressive in physical size or extent

defiant
a. boldly resisting authority or an opposing force

browbeat
v. be bossy towards v. discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner; intimidate

gulp
v. swallow hurriedly or greedily or in one draught

cardboard
n. a stiff moderately thick paper

gasp
v. breathe noisily, as when one is exhausted

supplication
n. a humble request for help from someone in authority

mutter
v. talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice

lapse
n. a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment

anguish
n. extreme distress of body or mind

enormity
n. the quality of being outrageous n. an act of extreme wickedness

subdue
v. get on top of; deal with successfully v. put down by force or authority

twitch
v. toss with a sharp movement so as to cause to turn over in the air

farcical
a. broadly or extravagantly humorous; resembling farce

scrutiny
n. a prolonged intense look n. the act of examining something closely